One of the biggest challenges a new small business must face is obtaining the money it needs to launch and grow. New employer small businesses are the primary source of U.S. job growth but are much more likely than larger firms to face financial challenges accessing borrowed capital. In order to proudly turn on your physical or metaphorical “open for business” sign, you may need to get startup small business financing.
Here we’ll explore what types of loans may be available to your new business and how to qualify.
What is a Startup Business Loan?
A business startup loan is financing meant to help with the startup costs of a new business. Startup business loans can go towards things like working capital; the purchase of equipment, machinery, supplies, inventory, and furniture; and the purchase of construction equipment or real estate.
How Can a Startup Loan Help Your Small Business Grow?
Beyond getting you the funding you need to start your business, a startup loan can also help you expand your business. If you’re looking to grow your startup business, a loan can help you pay for things like:
- Business equipment for new employees, like laptops or cell phones
- Larger office space
- Office utilities, including wifi, electricity, etc.
- New office furniture
- More machinery to expand operations
- More inventory to expand your sales
Basically, anything that may require more funding to expand your business can be covered by a startup business loan.
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What to Look For in a Startup Business Loan
In order to decide the best loan for your business, you’ll need to consider a number of the loan’s features, like:
- How much money does it give you?
- When will the money fund (hit your bank account)?
- How long do you get to repay the loan?
- What is the repayment schedule?
- What are the interest rates for the loan?
- What are the fees for the loan?
- What are the requirements with regard to collateral?
Note
It’s never a good idea to take out a loan that you don’t have a good chance of repaying. While most banks won’t give out a startup business loan to a venture that appears too risky, that doesn’t mean you won’t be able to take out more money than you should.
Also, if a lender promises to give you a loan with no credit check, you should tread carefully. “Guaranteed approval” is also a red flag to look out for. Loans that look too good to be true may be scams. And if they’re not, they may be extremely expensive for you.
The Best Financing Options for Startups
If you’ve already started your hunt for a loan, you’re well aware that there is a seemingly infinite amount of small business lines of credit and loans out there, available from banks and online lenders. New businesses are considered high risk, so their options will be more limited.
Here are options to consider:
1. Business Credit Cards
This is one of the top choices for new businesses. Why? Because most small business issuers don’t care how long you’ve been in business, As long as you meet their minimum requirements— typically that means good or excellent personal credit scores and sufficient income from all sources, not just the business— you may qualify.
And while you may think of a credit card as a convenient way to pay for purchases, at the core, credit cards offer access to a type of financing: a line of credit. In the Federal Reserve Small Business Credit survey, 53% of small businesses reported using credit cards to help fund their operations.
That means business credit cards can be a viable alternative to startup business loans.
They can also help you get off on the right foot by separating business and personal finances and establishing business credit.
Look for a card with a 0% introductory rate offer. It will allow you to make purchases and carry a balance for 9, 12, or even 15 months without paying interest while you get your business going.
To qualify for a business credit card, issuers will generally look at your personal credit scores and combined income (personal and business). While they may not require collateral, they typically require a personal guarantee. Most business credit cards have the added bonus of great rewards programs and sign-up bonuses.
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2. SBA 7(a) Loans
For the most part, the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) doesn’t make loans—it guarantees them. Individual lenders are approved by the SBA to make loans under SBA programs, and these generally offer lower interest rates. The exception is Disaster Loans which are made by the SBA.
There are roughly ten different types of SBA loans, and among the most popular is the 7(a) program, which offers loans up to $5 million. If you’re wondering if you can get an SBA loan to start a business, keep in mind that in the 2021 fiscal year, 17% of the money lent to small businesses through the 7(a) loan program went to startup businesses.
Getting an SBA loan isn’t a super-fast or easy process, though the SBA Express loan program (which generally offers loans of up to $500,000) aims to speed it up somewhat.
There are a number of qualifications required, including acceptable credit. There is no minimum personal credit score required, but for 7(a) Small Loans of $350,000 or less, the SBA requires a minimum FICO SBSS credit score of 155 to avoid a manual credit review. (This commercial credit score can take into account the personal credit of multiple owners along with the business credit of the business. The score ranges from 0-300.)
SBA 7(a) loans for startups are more likely to go to business owners with experience in their industry (a veterinarian opening her own practice, for example) or those purchasing an existing business, including a franchise. Because the terms are favorable, it is a financing option worth exploring.
In addition, SBA 504 loans may be helpful for businesses looking to acquire real estate or equipment, while SBA Export Loan programs may be available to businesses that will be participating in international trade. Learn more about SBA loans here.
3. Crowdfunding
Crowdfunding platforms allow anyone with a vision, including entrepreneurs, to raise money for their project or venture.
There are three main types of crowdfunding that may be available to startups:
- Rewards (e.g. Kickstarter, Indiegogo)
- Debt (e.g. Kiva)
- Investment (e.g. Wefunder)
A business startup seeking capital through crowdfunding will require the business owner to share their business goals and objectives with a large group of people in hopes that multiple people (the crowd) will help fund their request.
These campaigns take lots of marketing effort, but the end reward, should you raise the needed funds, is startup funding and validation of your business idea by many potential future customers for your business. It’s worth noting that equity crowdfunding may be a more accessible funding option than angel funding or venture capital for businesses looking to raise up to $5 million.
4. SBA Microloans
SBA microloans are made by approved intermediaries, often community development financial institutions (CDFIs) and other non-profit organizations. While the total maximum loan amount is $50,000, the average loan is closer to $14,000. An SBA microloan is a term loan, with a maximum term of 72 months; the average is about 40 months. Funds may be used for working capital or the purchase of inventory or supplies, machinery or equipment, or fixtures and furniture.
5. Other Microloans
The SBA is not the only microlending option. Microlenders offer small businesses the opportunity to secure financing in smaller amounts. When it comes to microlenders, be sure to check out these options:
Accion: Loans are available from $5,000-$100,000 through Accion’s CDFI partners. It tends to be more flexible on credit requirements and provides assistance to applicants.
Local Microlenders: You can find microlenders in many communities across the US. Because they are often smaller nonprofit organizations, they don’t advertise widely so you may have to look for them. Find a CDFI here.
6. Equipment Financing
Specifically designed to pay for the purchase of equipment and machinery, equipment loans are similar in structure to conventional loans, with monthly repayment terms over a set period of time. However, the proceeds are used to purchase equipment or machinery.
The lending standards on equipment financing can be less strict because your equipment will be used as collateral for the loan—in other words, if you default, the bank has the right to seize your equipment to cover the cost of their lost money. (Note that some SBA loans may be used to finance equipment. In particular, the SBA 504 loan is helpful for financing larger equipment and real estate purchases.)
Equipment leasing is another option that you should consider. Keep in mind that many different assets you use in your business may be leased, including computers, a pizza oven, or even the furniture in your restaurant.
7. Bank Loans
While a traditional loan from a bank or credit union may be your first choice, for the majority of startup businesses, bank loans will be out of reach. Banks have strict small business lending standards, and what they offer is often not available to brand new businesses.
For banks to make startup loans, they need to make sure the loan is not too risky. They will usually look for strong personal qualifications (experience in your industry or starting other businesses), excellent credit, a down payment, and will likely require a personal guarantee. Also consider SBA loans made by banks.
8. Line of Credit
Business lines of credit work a little differently than business loans: rather than you getting a lump sum of cash up front, you are approved for a certain amount of capital that you can borrow from at any time.
Pay back what you borrow, and it’s available again. Unlike a loan, a line of credit can be open long-term, whereas a loan closes once it’s paid off.
9. Short-Term Financing
Another option, especially if you don’t qualify for traditional financing, includes short-term loans. These tend to have—you guessed it—short repayment periods, typically of a few months to a couple of years. They may have higher interest rates than other options listed here, but also less stringent requirements to qualify.
10. Personal and Friends/Family Funding
Yes, personal funding is a viable option and is one of the ways many small business owners access capital. But using personal funds or personal loans is a gamble, and you’ll need to do a solid job of calculating all of your costs so that you don’t run out of money before the business can support itself.
Even if you use personal funds to start, we advise you to start taking steps to establish business credit right away. That way you can start to leverage business credit and access more capital in the future. The business should be able to stand on its own without commingling personal assets and credit.
There are a few different options when it comes to personal funding:
Personal Credit Cards: if you can’t secure a business credit card (our preference over a personal card), a personal credit card (or two) with a reasonably high limit can help you get those first few purchases and your business underway. Keep a close eye on your credit utilization and pay your bills on time, because putting business expenses on personal credit cards can hurt your personal credit scores.
Savings/Home Equity: Dipping into your savings is an even riskier business, but if you have a good amount set aside this could be the cheapest option for you. Borrowing against your home equity is a cheap option but very risky.
401K/ IRA Savings: You may be able to withdraw funds from your retirement plans, borrow against a 401(k), or use a ROBS plan to shift retirement funds to your business. Keep in mind that it may not be wise to bet your whole retirement savings on your brand new business.
Friends and family: Many businesses have been funded with the help of family members. In fact, it’s one of the biggest sources of startup capital available to early-stage businesses. Tread carefully, and don’t apply pressure, but if they’re willing, family can be a good, positive backing for your new venture. (Another way to approach it is to ask them to be the first backers in your crowdfunding campaign.)
11. Invoice Financing
If you will get paid by business customers via invoices, invoice financing (which is different from invoice factoring) is a convenient, albeit more expensive way to avoid cash flow issues caused by long invoice cycles. This is a speedy option—you can get your financing in as little as a day—that requires little paperwork. However, it will only be available to businesses that have invoiced business clients for goods or services, and are waiting to get paid.
12. Small Business Grants
Small business grants are not easy to land, especially for startups, but if you are successful, this funding will not have to be repaid. (You will likely have to pay taxes, however, so make sure you factor that in.)
Grants are available from several sources:
- Federal government
- State and local governments
- Private foundations
- Businesses supporting entrepreneurship
You can search for grants in various places. Three great resources include:
- Grants.gov (federal grants)
- Opengrants.io (free and paid searches)
- GrantWatch (paid search)
13. Vendor Financing
Vendors or suppliers may offer payment terms that allow you to purchase supplies for your business and pay for them later; hopefully out of cash flow. Vendors that report to business credit reporting agencies can also help your business build business credit.
Ask your suppliers if they offer payment terms or use this list to find net-30 vendors that report.
Pros and Cons of Small Business Loans
It’s important to consider both sides of taking out any kind of financing for your startup.
Pros:
- May help grow business faster
- Can be used to acquire equipment, inventory, retail or warehouse locations, etc.
- Essential for capital intensive businesses
Cons:
- Can be expensive
- Business may fail, and owner may be personally liable for the loan
How Can I Get a Business Loan to Start a Business?
You have the end in mind, but where do you start? A good place to start is with your personal credit scores and business credit scores, which are a measure of the creditworthiness of your business. You can check your business and personal credit scores with Nav. A good credit score can put you in a much better spot than a bad credit score, so be prepared to put in the work if you want to improve your business credit score.
It’s also important to look at it your business from the lender’s perspective:
- How risky is the type of business you’re starting?
- What is your experience or expertise?
- What are your credit scores?
- How quickly will the business become profitable?
- If the business were to fail, is there equipment or assets that can be liquidated?
A well-designed business plan can answer many of these questions.
You’ll then need to identify which type of startup financing you’d like— and for which you qualify. Before gathering documentation for your business, you need to know what the lender will be looking for; the application for a microloan will likely be very different than that for a business credit card. Knowing what you can afford for monthly payments can help you best narrow down what financing products you’re interested in applying for.
When you’ve pinned down a loan type and lender, you can then begin to fill out the application. If you’ve done the legwork ahead of time, this won’t take as long.
Determine How Much Funding You Need
Start the process by asking yourself, “What do I need the money for?”
Let’s call the answer your “loan purpose.” Calculate what it will cost to meet your loan purpose and that is the amount to look for. If you can clearly articulate your loan purpose to a lender, your crowdfunding campaign, the SBA, or your uncle Fred, you are more likely to get the money you need as opposed to simply looking for, “As much as I can get.” What’s more, you’ll avoid the financial stress and repercussions of borrowing more than you really need.
How to Qualify for a Startup Business Loan
Qualifying for startup financing may vary from one lender to another, but generally, you can expect a few factors to be considered for eligibility.
First, credit. Established businesses may have a business credit history, but your startup may not. In that case, lenders may look at your personal credit history and scores, so make sure you know your credit scores and that they are as strong as possible.